Heart disease is the leading cause of death in the United States, according to the American Heart Association. The National Institute on Aging states that, among older adults, heart-related health concerns are a major cause of disability. Knowing more about common heart problems in the elderly—including symptoms, causes, and serious complications—means empowering seniors and their families to make informed decisions about their health.
Examples of Common Senior Heart Conditions
The body changes with age, including the cardiovascular system. Normal aging, according to MedlinePlus, can include heart changes like some loss of blood vessel elasticity, slightly larger heart chambers, and slow heartbeat (especially during exercise). The following conditions, however, are not part of normal aging.
Coronary Artery Disease
Also called:
- CAD
- Atherosclerotic heart disease
Coronary artery disease refers to different types of heart diseases (e.g., coronary heart disease/CHD) that damage blood vessels, resulting in restricted blood flow to the heart.
Possible Coronary Artery Disease Symptoms
- No symptoms
- Chest pain (angina)
- Heart attack (myocardial infarction)
- Shortness of breath
Potential Coronary Artery Disease Causes & Risk Factors
- Atherosclerosis (plaque buildup)
Common Coronary Artery Disease Treatments
Doctors may recommend blood thinners, surgery (stents, angioplasty, bypass, etc.) and lifestyle changes as treatment options for CAD.
Congestive Heart Failure
Also called:
- CHF
- Heart failure
This condition results from weakened or overly stiff blood vessels that cannot pump blood properly due to fluid buildup.
Possible Congestive Heart Failure Symptoms
- Rapid heartbeat
- Shortness of breath
- Fatigue
- Swelling in the legs
Potential Congestive Heart Failure Causes & Risk Factors
- Alcohol abuse
- Heart attack
- Heart valve disease
- Myocarditis (heart muscle inflammation)
Common Congestive Heart Failure Treatments
Healthcare providers may recommend lifestyle changes, medications, surgery, and defibrillators as possible treatments for CHF.
Atrial Fibrillation
Also called:
- AF
- AFib
Atrial fibrillation is a type of arrhythmia (abnormal heart rhythm) where the heart beats irregularly and rapidly.
Possible Atrial Fibrillation Symptoms
- No symptoms
- Chest pain
- Dizziness and lightheadedness
- Heart palpitations
Potential Atrial Fibrillation Causes & Risk Factors
- High blood pressure
- Sleep apnea
Common Atrial Fibrillation Treatments
Doctors may recommend AFib treatments like medications, surgery, and cardioversion therapy.
High Blood Pressure
Also called:
- HBP
- Hypertension
High blood pressure (hypertension) is a condition where blood pressure readings remain above a normal range over time.
Possible High Blood Pressure Symptoms
High blood pressure can present differently in each individual. Some people may experience headaches, lightheadedness, or chest pains. Anyone concerned about potential HBP symptoms should speak to a licensed healthcare provider.
Potential High Blood Pressure Causes & Risk Factors
- Plaque buildup
- Congenital heart defects
- Sleep apnea
Common High Blood Pressure Treatments
Doctors commonly recommend lifestyle changes and medications for people living with high blood pressure.
Peripheral Artery Disease
Also called:
- PAD
- Peripheral vascular disease
Peripheral artery disease occurs when limbs experience reduced blood flow due to narrowed/damaged blood vessels.
Possible Peripheral Artery Disease Symptoms
- Pain when walking
- Cramping in the arms or legs
- Coldness or numbness in the limbs
Potential Peripheral Artery Disease Causes & Risk Factors
- Atherosclerosis
- High cholesterol
- Family history
- Obesity
Common Peripheral Artery Disease Treatments
Lifestyle changes, medications, and surgery are common PAD treatment options that healthcare providers recommend.
Aortic Aneurysm
An aortic aneurysm occurs when the aorta wall (main artery) enlarges or “bulges.” The two primary types of aortic aneurysm are thoracic aortic aneurysm (affecting the section of artery wall in the chest) and abdominal aortic aneurysm (affecting the section of the artery wall in the belly)
Possible Aortic Aneurysm Symptoms
Aortic aneurysms typically do not result in symptoms unless they cause complications or burst. A rupturing aneurysm can have symptoms like:
- Dizziness
- Increased heart rate
- Chest, abdominal, or back pain
- Shortness of breath
Potential Aortic Aneurysm Causes & Risk Factors
- Sex (men are more likely to experience this condition)
- Family history
- Hypertension
- Atherosclerosis
Common Aortic Aneurysm Treatments
Healthcare professionals commonly recommend aortic aneurysm treatments like taking medications, undergoing surgery, and going to regular doctor check-ups.
Why are Older Adults at Higher Risk of Heart Problems?
Age is a significant risk factor for many heart-related health conditions. The American Heart Association says that, compared to younger adults, older people are at heightened risk of cardiovascular health issues for a variety of reasons, including:
- Being more likely to be physically inactive or have issues exercising
- Having a lifetime of lifestyle factors compounding (e.g., decades of smoking, drinking, inactivity)
- Age-related changes to the cardiovascular system resulting in reduced blood flow and slightly lower cardiovascular function
General Wellness Tips for Seniors
Seniors can discuss the following strategies with their healthcare providers:
- Getting enough sleep
- Getting to (and staying) a healthy weight
- A heart-healthy diet with reduced sodium
- Smoking cessation
- Reduced alcohol intake
- Physical activity
- Regular doctor appointments
Common Heart Problems in Elderly People FAQs
What are the most common heart problems in the elderly?
According to MedlinePlus, common heart problems in elderly individuals include high blood pressure, coronary artery disease, and atrial fibrillation.
Can heart disease cause confusion?
Yes, heart disease can indirectly cause confusion, according to the American Heart Association.
What is heart failure?
Heart failure, as the name suggests, is when the heart does not function as it should; the cardiovascular system is impaired and cannot deliver enough blood to ensure the body functions properly.
When should seniors see their healthcare provider about heart health?
Older people who believe they are at risk of cardiovascular health problems or who have any other heart-related concerns should seek medical help from a licensed professional. Early diagnosis leads to better treatment plans, meaning improved odds of managing heart conditions and improving quality of life.
People should always speak with their doctor before starting new medications, changing their diet, and changing their exercise habits.
Final Thoughts
It’s not always possible to prevent common heart problems in elderly people, but it is possible to control certain risk factors, reduce the odds of major complications, and improve overall well-being with some lifestyle changes and proper treatment and screenings from medical professionals.
Disclaimer: Each person’s situation is unique. This article is for general informational purposes only. It does not substitute professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the guidance of a qualified healthcare provider with any questions you may have about a medical condition.
Wendy Gores, RN